Sommario
Culture 2000
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Il
presente saggio è un estratto della tesi di laurea di Gaia
Chiti Strigelli "La società sudafricana nella voce delle
donne nere" discussa presso la Facoltà di Scienze Politiche
dell'Università Statale di Milano il 13 giugno 2000,
relatrice la prof. Itala Vivan, correlatrice la prof. Lidia De
Michelis.
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Le comunità zulu e xhosa, discendenti dalle
popolazioni dell'età della pietra di lingua nguni,
rappresentano casi di espansione dell'autorià di certi clan
fino a costituire vere e proprie unità statali; gli zulu
popolarono il nord-est dell'attuale Sudafrica mentre i xhosa
l'area a sud-ovest del paese.
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Detto 'brideprice', 'bridewealth', 'lobolo',
'lobola', 'bohali', a seconda della lingua e delle
aree.
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L'oro venne scoperto intorno al 1880, la nascita
dell'industria mineraria risale invece alla scoperta dei
giacimenti diamantiferi. (Cfr. Worden: 1995, 5-56).
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Native Administrative Act 38, 1927, sezione 5(1.a):
"Il Governatore Generale può stabilire i confini di ogni
tribù e può, di quando in quando, modificarli;
può dividere qualsiasi tribù esistente in due o
più tribù, oppure fondere tribù o parti di
tribù in una sola tribù o costituirne di nuove, a
seconda di quanto egli ritenga necessario per il buon governo
degli indigeni".
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Cfr. Urban Areas Act, 1945, Section 10.
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Il Native Beer Act del 1908 autorizzava i Town
Councils del Natal a divenire gli unici produttori e venditori di
birra: veniva così instaurato un monopolio della birra
gestito dalle municipalità, di conseguenza i lavoratori
potevano bere alcolici solo in apposite beerhall gestite dalla
stessa municipalità.
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Le donne bianche ebbero accesso al voto nel 1930
come strumento di salvaguardia nei confronti del possibile
espandersi del voto degli africani.
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Il
South African Native National Congress (SANNC), poi denominato
African National Congress (ANC), venne fondato a Bloemfontain l'8
gennaio del 1912.
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APO è la rivista dell'African People
Organization (APO) fondata nel 1902.
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Secondo la Section 11 (3) (b) del Black
Administration Act del 1943: "a Black woman (excluding a Black
woman who permanently resides in the province of Natal) who is a
partner in a customary union and who is living with her husband,
shall deemed to be a minor and her husband shall be deemed to be
her guardian".
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Emma Mashinini, intervistata da Gaia Chiti
Strigelli, Pretoria: settembre 1999.
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- Torna
su
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Bibliografia
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letterari:
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-
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11:1991, pp. 79-89.
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-
- Siti
web:
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- Nome:African Gender Institute
and Women's Net, South Africa
- Indirizzo: http://www.uct.ac.za/org/agi
- Nome: Commission on Gender
Equality
- Indirizzo: http://www.cge.org.za
- Nome: Parliamentary Committee on the
Improvement of the Quality of Life and Status of
Women
- Indirizzo: http://www.womensnet.org.za/parliament/mission.htm
- Nome: Women's Net Gender in Parliament
Page
- Indirizzo: http://www.womensnet.org.za/parliament.htm
- Nome: Women's Net Human Rights
Page
- Indirizzo: http://womensnet.org.za/hr/hr.htm
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